Abstract
Increasing productivity at the individual level is influenced by a complex mix of factors. While the literature generally suggests that green space exposure may enhance attention and well-being, urban environments are often perceived as less beneficial due to factors like noise and artificial design. This study investigates the effects of acute green and urban space exposure on productivity, aiming to fill a critical research gap in understanding how short-term environmental exposure impacts real-world performance. Using a lab-in-the-field experiment, we measured productivity through a math test and mental well-being via the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. A total of 222 participants completed both tests before and after a 20-minute treatment, involving a randomized walk in either a green or urban space, while a control group remained indoors. Significant treatment effects were observed within specific subgroups: infrequent green space visitors showed enhanced productivity after an urban walk, while frequent green space visitors experienced decreased productivity following a green space walk. Gender differences also emerged, with female participants reporting a boost in self-esteem after a walk in a green space, whereas both green and urban spaces led to declines in self-esteem for male participants. By addressing this research gap, our study challenges assumptions about the universal benefits of green space exposure and emphasizes the importance of tailoring environmental interventions. These insights offer valuable guidance for employers and urban planners in designing environments that enhance productivity and well-being across diverse populations.