Salmon Aquaculture in Chile: Production Growth and Socioeconomic Impacts

Aquaculture
Chile
Salmon
Socioeconomic impacts

Ceballos-Concha, A., Asche, F, and Cárdenas-Retamal, R. . (2025) “Salmon Aquaculture in Chile: Production Growth and Socioeconomic Impacts”. Reviews in Aquaculture 17(1), e12993, doi: 10.1111/raq.12993

Authors
Affiliation

Adams Ceballos-Concha

University of Florida

Frank Asche

University of Florida

Roberto Cárdenas-Retamal

University of Florida

Published

January 2025

Doi

Abstract

Global aquaculture production has been rapidly increasing in recent decades. Associated with this growth, there has been a discussion with respect to the industry’s socioeconomic impact. In particular, the industry’s ability to make a positive difference in the communities where it is conducted is often questioned. This is a difficult topic to address due to limited data availability. However, it is a critical question concerning the aquaculture industry’s long-term viability. Some recent studies have addressed specific indicators such as poverty reduction in a given country. However, no studies review the impact of an aquaculture industry on a broad set of indicators over time. In this paper, we review the impact of the Chilean salmon industry on three broad socioeconomic indicators: employment, salary level and migration; as well as several narrower indicators. While data beyond production initially are scarce and mostly found in the gray literature, the information they provide connects well with newer data sets as they become available. Not unexpectedly, employment in the Chilean aquaculture industry increases with production. The industry pays relatively well, and it has a societal impact as opportunities created by the industry first reverse outward migration and then lead to inward migration. This is also associated with reduced poverty, a more even income distribution, a higher female labor participation ratio, and higher education levels. While the overall socioeconomic impacts of the industry are positive, they are also disrupted by severe environmental crises and show that the socioeconomic benefits are conditioned on environmental sustainability.

Citation

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@article{Ceballos-Concha2025-yo,
  title     = "Salmon aquaculture in Chile: Production growth and socioeconomic
               impacts",
  author    = "Ceballos-Concha, Adams and Asche, Frank and
               C{\'a}rdenas-Retamal, Roberto",
  abstract  = "ABSTRACTGlobal aquaculture production has been rapidly
               increasing in recent decades. Associated with this growth, there
               has been a discussion with respect to the industry's
               socioeconomic impact. In particular, the industry's ability to
               make a positive difference in the communities where it is
               conducted is often questioned. This is a difficult topic to
               address due to limited data availability. However, it is a
               critical question concerning the aquaculture industry's
               long‐term viability. Some recent studies have addressed specific
               indicators such as poverty reduction in a given country.
               However, no studies review the impact of an aquaculture industry
               on a broad set of indicators over time. In this paper, we review
               the impact of the Chilean salmon industry on three broad
               socioeconomic indicators: employment, salary level and
               migration; as well as several narrower indicators. While data
               beyond production initially are scarce and mostly found in the
               gray literature, the information they provide connects well with
               newer data sets as they become available. Not unexpectedly,
               employment in the Chilean aquaculture industry increases with
               production. The industry pays relatively well, and it has a
               societal impact as opportunities created by the industry first
               reverse outward migration and then lead to inward migration.
               This is also associated with reduced poverty, a more even income
               distribution, a higher female labor participation ratio, and
               higher education levels. While the overall socioeconomic impacts
               of the industry are positive, they are also disrupted by severe
               environmental crises and show that the socioeconomic benefits
               are conditioned on environmental sustainability.",
  journal   = "Rev. Aquac.",
  publisher = "Wiley",
  volume    =  17,
  number    =  1,
  month     =  jan,
  year      =  2025,
  copyright = "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions\#vor",
  language  = "en"
}